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Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China
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Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China
Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council
on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China (27 Dec., 2023)
The construction of a beautiful China is an important goal in the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country and an important element in realising the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In order to comprehensively promote the construction of a beautiful China and accelerate the modernisation of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, the following opinions are put forward.
I. A new era and a new journey to open a new chapter to comprehensively promote the construction of beautiful China
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core has placed the construction of ecological civilisation in a prominent position in the overall work, strengthened ecological environmental protection in an all-round, all-area, all-process manner, and realised a major shift from focusing on remediation to systematic governance, from reactive response to proactive action, from being a participant in global environmental governance to being a leader, and from practical exploration to being guided by scientific theories, so that the construction of a beautiful China has made significant strides. The construction of a beautiful China has made significant strides.
At present, China's economic and social development has entered a high-quality development stage of accelerated greening and decarbonisation, and the construction of ecological civilisation is still in a critical period of overlapping pressures and heavy loads; the structural, root and trend pressures on ecological environmental protection have not yet been alleviated fundamentally, and there is insufficient endogenous impetus for the green transformation of economic and social development, and the foundation of stable and improving ecological environmental quality is not yet solid, and the trend of ecosystem degradation in some regions has not yet been fundamentally reversed. The trend of ecosystem degradation in some regions has not yet been fundamentally reversed, and the task of building a beautiful China remains arduous. On the new journey, it is necessary to place the construction of a beautiful China in a prominent position in the construction of a strong nation and national rejuvenation, maintain the strategic strength to strengthen the construction of ecological civilisation, unswervingly follow the civilised development path of productive development, affluent living and ecological well-being, and build a beautiful homeland with a blue sky, a green earth and clear water.
II. General Requirements
To comprehensively promote the construction of a beautiful China, it is necessary to adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilisation, deeply implement the spirit of the Twentieth CPC National Congress, implement the deployment of the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection, firmly establish and practise the concept that green water and green mountains are golden silver mountains, and deal with the issues of high-quality development and high-level protection, key attack and coordinated governance, natural restoration and artificial restoration, We will also deal with the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection, key challenges and coordinated governance, natural restoration and artificial restoration, external constraints and endogenous impetus, and the "dual-carbon" commitment and independent action, coordinate industrial structural adjustment, pollution control, ecological protection, and response to climate change, and synergistically push forward carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening, and growth, safeguard national ecological security, and improve the construction of ecological civilisation systems, so that high-quality development will be supported by a high-quality ecological environment, and the formation of an environment that aims to achieve harmony between human beings and nature will be expedited. Form a new pattern of building a beautiful China oriented to realising the modernisation of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, and build the ecological foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The main objectives are: by 2027, green and low-carbon development will be further promoted, the total amount of major pollutant emissions will be continuously reduced, the quality of the ecological environment will be continuously improved, the pattern of territorial spatial development and protection will be optimised, the ecosystem service function will be continuously strengthened, the urban and rural living environment will be significantly improved, the national ecological security will be effectively safeguarded, the ecological and environmental governance system will be more sound, and a batch of practical examples will be formed, and the construction of a beautiful China will have significant results. The construction of a beautiful China has been remarkably effective. By 2035, a green production and living style will be widely formed, carbon emissions will be reduced steadily after reaching the peak, the ecological environment will be fundamentally improved, a new pattern of territorial spatial development and protection will be comprehensively formed, ecosystem diversity, stability and continuity of ecosystems will be significantly improved, national ecological security will be more solid, the modernisation of ecological and environmental governance system and governance capacity will be basically realised, and the goal of a beautiful China will be basically achieved. Looking ahead to the middle of this century, ecological civilisation will be comprehensively upgraded, green development mode and lifestyle will be comprehensively formed, deep decarbonisation will be achieved in key areas, the ecological environment will be healthy and beautiful, the modernisation of ecological and environmental governance system and governance capacity will be comprehensively realised, and Beautiful China will be comprehensively built.
Anchoring the goal of building a beautiful China, we will adhere to the precise treatment of pollution, scientific treatment of pollution and treatment of pollution in accordance with the law, according to the new needs of high-quality economic and social development and the new expectations of the people for the improvement of the ecological environment, intensify our efforts to solve the outstanding ecological and environmental problems, and speed up the promotion of the improvement of ecological and environmental quality from quantitative change to qualitative change. "In the 14th Five-Year Plan, the ecological environment will be improved continuously; in the 15th Five-Year Plan, the ecological environment will be consolidated and expanded, and the ecological environment will be improved comprehensively; in the 16th Five-Year Plan, the ecological environment will be upgraded as a whole, and the ecological environment will be improved fundamentally. Fundamental change. To insist on:
--Transformation of the whole field. Vigorously promote the greening and low-carbonisation of economic and social development, accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, industry, transportation, urban and rural construction, agriculture and other fields, strengthen green scientific and technological innovation, and enhance the endogenous impetus and innovative vitality of the construction of a beautiful China.
--Omni-directional upgrading. Insisting on elemental integration and urban-rural integration, we will carry out the construction of the "Beautiful Series" as a whole, focusing on promoting the construction of beautiful blue skies, beautiful rivers and lakes, beautiful bays, and beautiful mountains and rivers, and creating advanced zones of Beautiful China, beautiful cities, and beautiful villages, so as to draw a new picture of a beautiful China in which the beauty of each is shared by the beauty of the other.
--All-region construction. The construction of Beautiful China will be carried out according to local conditions and in a gradual manner to cover the whole region, showing the magnificent scenery in the beautiful west, the vast scenery in the beautiful northeast, the beautiful mountains and rivers in the beautiful central part of the country, and the beautiful and harmonious eastern part of the country, and shaping the construction of Beautiful China into distinctive and colourful panels.
--Action of the whole society. Transform the construction of a beautiful China into the behavioural consciousness of all people, encourage parks, enterprises, communities, schools and other grassroots units to carry out green, clean, zero-carbon leading actions, and form a good social atmosphere in which everyone participates and shares.
III. Accelerating the green transformation of the development mode
(I) Optimise the pattern of territorial space development and protection. Improve the system of main functional zones, perfect the system of territorial spatial planning, and coordinate and optimise the spatial layout of agriculture, ecology, towns and other types of space. It will adhere to the red line of ecological protection, strengthen law enforcement supervision and protection and restoration, and keep the area of the red line of ecological protection above 3.15 million square kilometres nationwide. It will also firmly guard the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land, and ensure that the amount of arable land that can be used stably in the long term will not be reduced. It will strictly control urban development boundaries and promote the green development of urban space in a connotative and intensive manner. Strictly control the spatial control of river and lake waters and shorelines. Strengthen the spatial control of the ocean and coastal zone, establish an exit mechanism for low-utility sea, and stop new reclamation except for major national projects. Improve the ecological environment zoning control system covering the whole area, and "draw the bottom line" and "draw the border" for development. By 2035, the rate of natural coastline retention on the mainland will be no less than 35%, and the ecological function and nature of the ecological protection red line will not be reduced or changed.
(ii) Actively and steadily promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. It will implement carbon peak actions in a planned and step-by-step manner, strive to achieve carbon peak by 2030, and lay the foundation for efforts to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Adhere to the first to establish and then break, accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system to ensure energy security. We will focus on controlling the consumption of coal and other fossil energy sources, strengthening the clean and efficient use of coal, vigorously developing non-fossil energy sources, and accelerating the construction of a new type of power system. Carry out multi-sector and multi-level collaborative innovation pilots for pollution reduction and carbon reduction. It will promote a gradual shift from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions, and strengthen the basic capacity and institutional construction for dual control of carbon emissions. Compiling a national greenhouse gas inventory year by year. It will implement an action programme to control methane emissions, and study and formulate action programmes to control emissions of other non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases. It will further develop the national carbon market, steadily expand the coverage of industries, enrich trading varieties and methods, and construct and improve the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market. By 2035, the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption will be further increased, and a more effective, more dynamic and more internationally influential carbon market will be built.
(III) Coordinating and promoting green and low-carbon development in key areas. It will promote the deep integration of industrial digitalisation, intelligence and greening, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy, and vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, green industries and modern service industries. Strictly control access, resolutely curb high energy consumption, high emission, low level projects blindly on the horse. Vigorously promote the upgrading of traditional industries in terms of process, technology and equipment, realise green and low-carbon transformation, and implement clean production level upgrading projects. Accelerate the energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation of existing buildings and municipal infrastructure, and promote the large-scale development of ultra-low-energy-consumption and low-carbon buildings. Vigorously promote "public to railway" and "public to water", accelerate the construction of special railway lines, and enhance the level of clean transport of bulk goods. It will promote the green transformation of railway stations, civil airports, ports and terminals, logistics parks and the electrification of railways, and promote the large-scale application of ultra-low and near-zero-emission vehicles, and the clean and low-carbon application of non-road mobile machinery. By 2027, the proportion of new energy vehicles among new vehicles will strive to reach 45%, old internal combustion locomotives will be basically eliminated, and the volume of containerised iron and water intermodal transport at ports will maintain rapid growth; by 2035, the proportion of railway freight turnover to total turnover will reach about 25%.
(d) Promoting the economical and intensive use of all kinds of resources. It will implement a comprehensive conservation strategy and promote energy conservation, water conservation, land conservation, material conservation and mineral conservation. It will continue to deepen energy conservation in key areas and strengthen the management of energy use in new infrastructure. It will further implement the National Water Conservation Action, strengthen the dual control of the total volume and intensity of water consumption, enhance the water consumption efficiency of key water-consuming industries and products, actively promote the resourceful use of wastewater, and strengthen the allocation and use of non-conventional water sources. It will improve the system of saving and intensively utilising land, and promote land-saving technologies and models. Establishing a green manufacturing system and service system. Carry out actions to improve the quality and efficiency of the comprehensive utilisation of resources. Accelerate the construction of a waste recycling system, and promote the recycling of waste wind turbine blades, photovoltaic components, power batteries, express packaging and other waste. Promote raw material conservation and resource recycling, and vigorously develop the remanufacturing industry. Comprehensively promote the construction of green mines. By 2035, the utilisation efficiency of energy and water resources will reach the international advanced level.
IV. Continuously and deeply promote pollution prevention and control
(e) Continuously and deeply fight the battle for the blue sky. With Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Fenwei Plain and other key regions as the main battlefield, and with fine particulate matter control as the main line, we will vigorously push forward the synergistic emission reduction of multiple pollutants. Strengthen the comprehensive management of volatile organic compounds and implement source substitution projects. High-quality promotion of key industries such as iron and steel, cement, coking and other coal-fired boilers and ultra-low emission transformation. Adopting clean energy, centralised heating substitution and other measures according to local conditions, and continuing to promote the pollution control of loose coal, coal-fired boilers and industrial kilns. Key regions will continue to implement total coal consumption control. It will study and formulate the next stage of motor vehicle emission standards, carry out research on the new stage of oil quality standards, and strengthen joint supervision and law enforcement by departments. Strengthen regional joint prevention and control, and deepen the performance grading of key industries in heavy polluted weather. Continuously implement actions to prevent and control noise pollution. Efforts will be made to solve pollution problems such as malodour and catering fumes. Strengthen the environmental management of ozone-depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbons. By 2027, the national average concentration of fine particulate matter will have fallen to less than 28 micrograms per cubic metre, with cities at all levels and above striving to meet the standard; by 2035, the national concentration of fine particulate matter will have fallen to less than 25 micrograms per cubic metre, so as to achieve air that is always fresh and blue sky that is always there.
(vi) Continuing to fight a good battle for the protection of blue water. It has integrated the management of water resources, water environment and water ecology, pushed forward the protection and management of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and other major rivers and important lakes, and optimised and adjusted the zoning and management system for water functions. Solidly promote the standardised construction of water sources and the construction of backup water sources. It has basically completed the investigation and rectification of river and sea outfalls, and fully completed the monitoring and supervision system of outfalls. Implementing performance grading of sewage treatment and discharge levels for enterprises in key industries. Accelerating to make up for the short boards of urban sewage collection and treatment facilities, constructing model districts with full coverage of urban sewage pipe networks, strengthening the harmless treatment and resource utilisation of sludge, and constructing green and low-carbon benchmark plants for sewage treatment. We will carry out endogenous pollution treatment and ecological restoration according to local conditions, basically eliminate black smelly water bodies in urban and rural areas and form a long-term mechanism. It has established a water ecology assessment mechanism, strengthened the protection and restoration of water conservation areas and ecological buffer zones, strengthened the unified scheduling of water resources, and guaranteed the ecological flow of rivers and lakes. Adhere to land and sea integration, river and sea linkage, and continue to promote the comprehensive management of key sea areas. With the bay as the basic unit, "a bay a policy" to promote the near-shore sea pollution prevention and control, ecological protection and restoration and shoreline environmental remediation, and continue to enhance the mangrove forests and other important marine ecosystem quality and stability. Strengthen the environmental regulation of mariculture. Actively respond to ecological disasters such as cyanobacterial blooms and red tides. Promote the clearing of rivers, lakes and reservoirs and the treatment of marine rubbish. By 2027, the quality of surface water and near-shore waters nationwide will reach 90 per cent and 83 per cent respectively, and the completion rate of beautiful rivers, lakes and bays will reach 40 per cent; by 2035, beautiful rivers, lakes and bays will be basically built in "harmony between people and water".
(vii) Continuing to fight a good battle for the defence of clean soil. It will carry out actions to prevent and control soil pollution at source, strictly prevent new pollution, and gradually solve the serious pollution problems of soil and groundwater that have accumulated over a long period of time. It will strengthen the protection of arable land in the priority protection category, solidly push forward the safe use of contaminated arable land and risk management and control, and push forward the traceability and full coverage of heavy metal pollution of soil on agricultural land in phases. It has strengthened the linkage supervision of changes in the use of construction land and risk control of contaminated sites in accordance with the law, and promoted the risk control and remediation of large-scale contaminated sites. It will comprehensively carry out environmental monitoring of soil and groundwater around key soil pollution supervision units, and carry out the second national soil pollution census in due course. It will carry out a national survey and evaluation of groundwater pollution, strengthen the environmental protection of groundwater-type drinking water sources, and strictly control the environmental risks in key areas of groundwater pollution prevention and control. It will fight an in-depth battle against pollution in agriculture and rural areas. By 2027, the safe utilisation rate of contaminated arable land will reach more than 94%, and the safe utilisation of construction land will be effectively guaranteed; by 2035, the proportion of Class I-IV water in the state-controlled points of groundwater will reach more than 80%, and the risk of the soil environment will be comprehensively controlled.
(viii) Strengthening the management of solid waste and new pollutants. Accelerate the construction of "waste-free cities", continue to promote new pollutant management actions, and promote the realisation of urban and rural "waste-free", environmental health. We will strengthen the comprehensive management of solid waste, restrict excessive packaging of commodities, and control plastic pollution along the entire chain. We will deepen the comprehensive ban on the entry of "foreign rubbish" into the country, and strictly prevent the smuggling and disguised import of all forms of solid waste. It will strengthen the supervision of hazardous wastes and their utilisation and disposal capacity, and enhance the pollution control of tailing ponds with a focus on the Yangtze River Economic Zone and the Yellow River Basin. Formulate regulations on environmental risk management of toxic and hazardous chemical substances. By 2027, the proportion of "waste-free cities" will reach 60 per cent, and the intensity of solid waste generation will be significantly reduced; by 2035, the construction of "waste-free cities" will achieve full coverage, with the eastern provinces taking the lead in building "waste-free cities" in the whole region, and the environmental impact of new pollutants will be reduced. By 2035, the construction of "waste-free cities" will have achieved full coverage, with eastern provinces taking the lead in building "waste-free cities" throughout the region, and the environmental risks of new pollutants will be effectively controlled.
V. Enhancing the stability and sustainability of ecosystem diversity
(ix) Building a solid natural ecological barrier. It will stabilise the national ecological security barrier and promote the protection and construction of national key ecological function areas and important ecological corridors. Comprehensively promote the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, and complete the integration and optimisation of nature reserves nationwide. It will implement the national natural ecological resources monitoring and evaluation early warning project. Strengthen the construction of the regulatory system for ecological protection and restoration, and enhance unified supervision. It will strictly supervise owners, developers and even regulators, promptly detect and investigate all kinds of ecological damage, and resolutely put an end to formalism in ecological restoration. Strengthen the monitoring and assessment of ecological conditions, and carry out the assessment of the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration. It will continue to push forward the "Green Shield" nature reserves to strengthen supervision, and establish a mechanism to supervise ecological damage along the red line of ecological protection. By 2035, the national park system will be basically completed, the ecosystem pattern will be more stable, and the beautiful mountains and rivers will be vibrant.
(J) Implement integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses and sands. Accelerate the implementation of important ecosystem protection and restoration of major projects, the implementation of grasslands, forests, rivers, lakes and wetlands rest and recuperation. It will continue to implement integrated protection and restoration projects for mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses and sands. It will scientifically carry out large-scale land greening actions, increase the protection and restoration of grasslands and wetlands, strengthen the comprehensive management of desertification, rocky desertification and soil erosion, comprehensively implement the sustainable management of forests, and strengthen the prevention and suppression of fires in forests and grasslands. Focusing on sand sources and transmission paths affecting Beijing and other key areas, the government will continue to push forward the construction of the "Three Norths" project and the treatment of the Beijing-Tianjin wind and sand source, and make every effort to fight the three major landmark battles. Promote actions to consolidate and enhance the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. By 2035, the national forest coverage rate will be increased to 26 per cent, the soil and water conservation rate will be increased to 75 per cent, and the ecosystem will basically achieve a virtuous cycle.
(k) Strengthening biodiversity protection. It will strengthen the coordinating role of the coordinating mechanism for biodiversity conservation, implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, update China's biodiversity conservation strategy and action plan, and carry out major projects for biodiversity conservation. It will improve the national biodiversity conservation network, comprehensively protect wildlife and gradually establish a national botanical garden system. It will further promote actions to save rare and endangered species in the Yangtze River, and continue to implement the 10-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River. It will fully implement the marine seasonal fishing moratorium system and build modern sea pastures. By 2035, the proportion of the land area of national nature reserves to the land area of the country will be no less than 18 per cent, and typical ecosystems, nationally protected wildlife and plants and their habitats will be comprehensively protected.
(VI) Guarding the safety bottom line for the construction of a beautiful China
(xii) Improving the national ecological security system. It will implement the overall concept of national security, improve the coordination mechanism for national ecological security, strengthen collaboration with economic security, resource security and other areas, improve the national ecological security rule of law, strategy, policy and response management systems, and enhance the capacity for national ecological security risk research and assessment, monitoring and early warning, emergency response and disposal, so as to form an area-wide, three-dimensional and highly efficient national ecological security protection system.
(xiii) Ensure nuclear and radiation safety. It will strengthen the overall role of the national nuclear safety coordination mechanism, build a strict nuclear safety responsibility system, comprehensively improve the capacity of nuclear safety supervision, build a modern nuclear safety supervision system compatible with the development of China's nuclear industry, and promote the high-quality development of nuclear safety. We will strengthen the safety management of the first and new reactors, conduct regular safety evaluations of operational facilities and continuously implement improvements, accelerate the decommissioning and management of old facilities and the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste left over from history, and strengthen the safety management of the use of nuclear technology and the management of the electromagnetic radiation environment. It will strengthen the monitoring and research of the marine radiation environment in waters under its jurisdiction, and enhance its risk warning monitoring and emergency response capabilities. It will adhere to independent innovation and safety development, and strengthen key and fundamental scientific and technological research and development in the field of nuclear safety, as well as intelligent safety management.
(xiv) Strengthening biosafety management. Strengthen environmental risk detection, identification, evaluation and monitoring of biotechnology and its products. Strengthen the whole chain of prevention and control and systematic governance, and improve the early warning, prevention and control system of biosafety regulation. Strengthen the prevention and control of harmful organisms. Carry out census, monitoring and early warning, impact assessment of invasive alien species, and strengthen the quarantine of imported animals and plants and the prevention and control of invasive alien species. Improve the system of germplasm resources protection and utilisation, and strengthen the protection and management of biological genetic resources.
(xv) Effectively addressing the adverse impacts and risks of climate change. It will adhere to the principle of equal emphasis on mitigation and adaptation, and endeavour to enhance its capacity to adapt to climate change. It will strengthen the construction of climate change observation networks and enhance monitoring, prediction, early warning and impact risk assessment. It will continue to enhance climate resilience in agriculture, health and public health, and strengthen climate risk management for infrastructure and major projects. It will deepen the construction of climate-resilient cities, promote the construction of sponge cities, and strengthen regional action on climate change adaptation. By 2035, a climate-resilient society will be basically built.
(p) Tightly preventing and controlling environmental risks. Adhere to the principle of prevention and strengthen the regular management of environmental risks. It will improve the national environmental emergency response system and mechanism, perfect the environmental emergency response responsibility system of hierarchical responsibility, territoriality and departmental coordination, and improve the upstream, downstream and cross-regional emergency response mechanism. It will strengthen the investigation of environmental hazards and risk prevention and control in key areas such as hazardous waste, tailing ponds and heavy metals, as well as in jurisdictional waters and border areas. It will implement a number of basic capacity building projects for environmental emergency response, establish and improve the emergency response system and emergency material reserve system, enhance the level of informationisation of environmental emergency command, and properly and scientifically dispose of various types of environmental emergencies in a timely manner. Improve the environmental health monitoring, investigation and risk assessment system.
VII. Building a Model for the Construction of a Beautiful China
(xvii) Constructing an advanced zone of Beautiful China. Focusing on the strategy of coordinated regional development and major regional strategies, it will strengthen collaboration on green development and create a green development highland. It will improve the mechanism for coordinated protection of the ecological environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, accelerate the construction of a demonstration zone for ecological environment restoration and improvement, and promote the construction of Xiong'an New Area as a model of a green development city. In-depth implementation of the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, we will adhere to the common grasp of protection, and build a green development demonstration belt in which human beings coexist harmoniously with nature. Deepen the convergence of rules and mechanisms in the ecological and environmental fields in the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay Area, and jointly build an international first-class beautiful bay area. Deepen the joint protection, joint governance and integration system innovation in the Yangtze River Delta region, and build a beautiful Yangtze River Delta at a high level. Adhere to the principle of defining cities, land, people and production by water, and build an advanced zone for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Deepen the construction of the National Ecological Civilisation Pilot Area. Each region will base on regional functional positioning, give full play to its own characteristics, and write a provincial chapter on the construction of a beautiful China.
(xviii) Build beautiful cities. Adhere to the people's city built by the people and the people's city for the people, and promote the construction of beautiful cities oriented to green and low-carbon, beautiful environment, ecological livability, safety and health, wisdom and efficiency. It will upgrade the level of urban planning, construction and governance, implement urban renewal actions, and strengthen inter-city and urban-rural ecological and environmental protection and governance. It will accelerate the transformation of the development mode of mega mega cities, improve the effectiveness of ecological and environmental governance in large and medium-sized cities, promote the upgrading and expansion of environmental infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities and counties, and promote the ability of environmental public services to match the size of the population and the economy. It will carry out assessments of urban ecological and environmental governance.
(xix) Building beautiful villages. Promote the experience of Zhejiang's "Ten Million Projects" according to local conditions, and promote the revitalisation of rural ecology and the improvement of rural human settlements in an integrated manner. It will accelerate the integration, innovation and application of agricultural input reduction and efficiency technologies, strengthen the resourceful use of agricultural waste and the classification and disposal of used agricultural films, and focus on strengthening systematic management in areas with prominent sources of agricultural pollution. It will solidly push forward the rural toilet revolution, and effectively treat rural sewage, rubbish and black-smelling water bodies. A rural ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system has been established. It has scientifically promoted rural greening and beautification, and strengthened the protection and use of traditional villages and the guidance of rural styles. By 2027, the proportion of beautiful villages built throughout the county will reach 40 per cent; by 2035, beautiful villages will be basically built.
(xx) Carrying out innovative demonstrations. It will promote the construction of beautiful cities by means of classified measures, implement actions to build model counties for beautiful villages, and continue to promote excellent cases of beautiful rivers and lakes and beautiful bays. It will also promote the integration of the construction of a beautiful China into grass-roots governance innovation. It will further promote the demonstration of ecological civilisation, and promote the construction of practice and innovation bases for "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains". Encourage green innovation in pilot free trade zones. Supporting practical innovations in planning and policies for the construction of a beautiful China.
VIII. Carrying out nationwide actions to build a beautiful China
(xxi) Cultivating and promoting an ecological culture. Improve the ecological cultural system based on ecological values, cultivate the mainstream values of ecological civilisation, and accelerate the formation of ecological self-awareness among the entire population. Tapping into the excellent traditional Chinese ecological cultural thinking and resources, launching a number of fine works of ecological literature, and promoting the prosperity of ecological culture. Make full use of museums, exhibition halls and science education centres to publicise the vivid practices of building a beautiful China.
(xxii) Practising a green and low-carbon lifestyle. Advocate simple and moderate, green and low-carbon, civilised and healthy lifestyles and consumption patterns. Develop green tourism. Continuously promote the "optical disc action", and resolutely stop food and beverage waste. Encourage green travel, promote the construction of urban greenway networks, and implement the strategy of giving priority to the development of urban public transport. Carry out in-depth patriotic hygiene campaigns. It will enhance the management level of waste classification and promote full coverage of waste classification in residential areas of cities at the prefecture level and above. It will build a system of standards, certification and labelling for green and low-carbon products, and explore the establishment of public participation mechanisms such as "Carbon Pricing".
(xxiii) Establishing a multi-participation action system. Continuously carry out the "Beautiful China, I am an activist" series of activities. It will give full play to the bridging role of industry associations and chambers of commerce and the extensive mobilising role of group organisations, improve the public ecological environment supervision and reporting and feedback mechanisms, and promote the construction of an ecological environment volunteer service system. It will deepen the opening up of environmental protection facilities and provide the public with ecological civilisation publicity and education services.
IX. Improving the Guarantee System for Building a Beautiful China
(xxiv) Reform and improve institutional mechanisms. It will deepen the reform of the ecological civilisation system, and promote system integration and mechanism innovation as a whole. It will strengthen the rule of law for the construction of a beautiful China, promote the formulation and revision of relevant laws in the fields of ecological environment, resources and energy, advance the compilation of ecological and environmental codes, improve public interest litigation, strengthen judicial protection in the field of ecological environment, and co-ordinately promote the compensation of ecological and environmental damages. It will strengthen the synergy and cooperation between administrative law enforcement and the judiciary, and reinforce the convergence and cooperation in information notification, situation consultation, evidence retrieval, dispute resolution and ecological restoration. Construct a large pattern of protection and governance from the mountain tops to the oceans, and implement the most stringent ecological and environmental governance system. It will improve the source prevention management system of environmental assessment, fully implement the sewage discharge permit system, and accelerate the construction of an environmental protection credit supervision system. It will deepen the reform of the system for disclosing environmental information in accordance with the law, and explore the development of environmental, social and corporate governance evaluation. It will improve the system of natural resource asset management and the system of land use control. It will strengthen the system of river and lake chiefs and forest chiefs. It will further promote the audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres, and those who make blind decisions without regard to the ecological environment and cause serious consequences will be strictly accountable and held responsible for life in accordance with the rules and regulations and the law. Strengthen national natural resources inspections. Give full play to the functional role of ecological and environmental departments, and strengthen the co-ordination, supervision and management of ecology and environment. Deepen the reform of the vertical management system for monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of ecological and environmental institutions below the provincial level. Implement a professional training project for municipal and county ecological and environmental teams. Accelerate the formulation and revision of standards and norms in key areas of the construction of a beautiful China, carry out research on environmental benchmarks, revise environmental air quality and other standards in due course, and encourage the introduction of local regulations and standards.
(xxv) Strengthening incentive policies. Improve the system of market-based allocation of resources and environmental factors, and incorporate carbon emission rights, energy use rights, water use rights and sewage disposal rights into the overall reform of market-based allocation of factors. Strengthen tax policy support, strictly implement the environmental protection tax law, improve the collection system, and accelerate the inclusion of volatile organic compounds in the scope of collection. Strengthen the application of the results of clean production audits and evaluation and certification. Considering comprehensively the energy consumption and environmental protection performance level of enterprises, improve the ladder tariff system for high energy-consuming industries. Implement the sewage treatment charging policy, and build a charging mechanism that covers the costs of sewage treatment and sludge disposal and is reasonably profitable. Improve the economic incentive policy oriented to the green development of agriculture, and support the reduction of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the whole county to promote the collection, treatment and utilisation of livestock and poultry waste. Establishing a system for the extraction and use of ecological and environmental protection expenses by enterprises. Improve the mechanism for realising the value of ecological products, and promote the innovation of ecological environment-oriented development mode and investment and financing mode. Promote comprehensive ecological compensation and deepen the construction of horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms. Strengthen financial support for the construction of a beautiful China, optimise the allocation of financial resources in the field of ecological civilisation construction, and ensure that the scale of investment matches the construction tasks. Vigorously developing green finance, supporting qualified enterprises to issue green bonds, guiding various types of financial institutions and social capital to increase their input, exploring regional financial support modes for environmental protection construction projects, and steadily advancing the innovation of climate investment and financing, so as to provide financing support for the construction of a beautiful China.
(xxvi) Strengthening scientific and technological support. Promote the self-reliance of green low-carbon science and technology, innovate ecological and environmental science and technology systems and mechanisms, and build a market-oriented green technology innovation system. Take pollution reduction and carbon reduction, coordinated emission reduction of multiple pollutants, climate change response, biodiversity protection, new pollutant management, nuclear safety and other key areas of national basic research and scientific and technological innovation, and strengthen key core technology research and development. It will strengthen the deep integration of enterprise-led industry, academia and research, guide enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions to build a number of green and low-carbon industrial innovation centres, and increase the supply of highly efficient green environmental protection technology and equipment. It will implement major actions in ecological and environmental science and technology innovation, promote the "Science and Technology Innovation 2030 - Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Comprehensive Environmental Management" major project, and build large scientific devices and key laboratories in the field of ecological and environmental protection, engineering and technology centres, scientific observatories and research stations and other innovation platforms. Strengthen the construction of think tanks in the field of ecological civilisation. Support colleges and universities and scientific research institutions to strengthen the construction of environmental disciplines. It will implement a high-level ecological and environmental science and technology talent project, and cultivate a high-level ecological and environmental talent team.
(xxvii) Accelerating digital empowerment. Deepen the application of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies, build a digital governance system for a beautiful China, and construct a green and intelligent digital ecological civilisation. It will implement an ecological environment informatisation project, strengthen the integration and sharing of data resources and their comprehensive development and utilisation. Accelerate the establishment of a modern ecological environment monitoring system, improve the integrated monitoring network of the sky, the earth and the sea, strengthen the supervision and monitoring of ecological quality, and promote the research and development of ecological environment satellite payloads. It will strengthen capacity building for monitoring greenhouse gases, groundwater, new pollutants, noise, oceans, radiation, rural environment, etc., and realise full coverage of coordinated monitoring for carbon reduction, pollution reduction and green expansion. Improving the level of ecological environment quality forecasting and prediction. It will implement national environmental law-abiding actions, implement classified law enforcement and supervision of sewage disposal units, vigorously promote off-site law enforcement, and accelerate the formation of an intelligent law enforcement system.
(xxviii) Implementing major projects. Accelerate the implementation of pollution reduction and carbon reduction synergy projects, and support the low-carbonisation of the energy structure, the clean-up of mobile sources, the greening of key industries, and the transformation of industrial parks into recycling zones. Accelerating the implementation of environmental quality improvement projects, supporting pollution reduction in key areas, comprehensive management of important rivers, lakes and bays, prevention and control of soil pollution sources, prevention and control of environmental risks of hazardous waste, and treatment of new pollutants. Accelerating the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects, supporting biodiversity protection, sand prevention and control in key areas, and comprehensive prevention and control of soil erosion. Accelerate the implementation of modern ecological and environmental infrastructure construction projects, and support urban and rural and park environmental facilities, ecological and environmental intelligence perception and monitoring and law enforcement emergency response, and nuclear and radiation safety supervision.
(xxix) Jointly seek to build a global ecological civilisation. Adhere to the concept of a community of human destiny and jointly build a clean and beautiful world. Adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and promote the construction of a fair, reasonable, cooperative and win-win global environmental and climate governance system. Deepen international cooperation in areas such as climate change, biodiversity conservation, marine pollution control and nuclear safety. We will continue to promote the green development of the "Belt and Road".
X. Strengthening the overall leadership of the Party
(xxx) Strengthening organisational leadership. Adhere to and strengthen the Party's overall leadership of the construction of a beautiful China, and improve the working mechanism of central co-ordination, provincial overall responsibility, and implementation by cities and counties. Give full play to the role of the Central Leading Group of Ecological Environmental Protection Supervision in coordinating and guiding and supervising the work, improve the working mechanism, and strengthen the organisation and implementation. It will study and formulate regulations on the work of ecological environmental protection inspectors. Deepening the central ecological environmental protection inspection, and making the construction of a beautiful China the focus of the inspection. Continuously shooting and producing ecological environment warning films. Formulate regulations on the ecological environmental protection responsibility system for local party and government leaders and cadres, and establish a responsibility system with comprehensive coverage, consistent powers and responsibilities, clear rewards and punishments, and interlocking links. All regions and departments should take the construction of a beautiful China as a major task concerning the overall situation, implement the principle of "party and government sharing the same responsibility, one post and two posts", and study and solve major problems in a timely manner. The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee at all levels have strengthened legislative work on ecological civilisation construction and supervision of law implementation. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at all levels has stepped up thematic consultations and democratic supervision of ecological civilisation construction. The annual work of all relevant departments in all regions to promote the construction of a beautiful China will be sent in writing to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, which will report to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council after summarising the situation.
(xxxi) Compacting work responsibilities. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in conjunction with the National Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments, will formulate sub-field action programmes, establish a work coordination mechanism, accelerate the formation of the implementation system for the construction of a beautiful China and a mechanism for promoting and implementing the implementation of such a system, promote the task of project-based, checklist-based and responsibility-based, and strengthen the overall coordination, scheduling and assessment, as well as the supervision and management of the work. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen their political responsibility for ecological environmental protection, and adopt classified policies, regional governance and fine-tuned construction. Provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) party committees and governments should formulate supporting documents in a timely manner in light of local realities. All relevant departments shall strengthen the convergence of work, grasp the pace and intensity, coordinate and promote, drive each other forward, and strengthen policy support for major projects for the construction of a beautiful China in terms of fiscal, taxation, finance and price.
(xxxii) Strengthen publicity and promotion. Continuously deepen the theoretical research, study and propaganda, institutional innovation, practical promotion and international dissemination of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilisation, and promote the incorporation of ecological civilisation education into the education system of cadres, party members and national education. Publicity on ecological civilisation will be strengthened through National Ecology Day, Environment Day and other forms. Publishing a white paper on the construction of a beautiful China. Commend advanced units and individuals with remarkable achievements and contributions in the construction of a beautiful China in accordance with relevant regulations.
(xxxiii) Conducting effectiveness evaluation. It shall carry out monitoring and evaluation of Beautiful China, and implement assessment of the process of building a beautiful China. It will study the establishment of an index system for assessing the effectiveness of the construction of a beautiful China, formulate measures for assessing the effectiveness of the construction of a beautiful China, and in due course transition the assessment of the effectiveness of the battle against pollution into an assessment of the effectiveness of the construction of a beautiful China, with the assessment work being led and organised by the Leading Group of the Central Ecological and Environmental Protection Supervisory Committee, and with the results of the assessment being taken as an important reference for the comprehensive appraisal and evaluation of the leadership teams at all levels and of relevant leading cadres and cadres, as well as for the rewards, punishments, appointments and removals of them.